Many environmental elements induce the stress response in organisms. In order to examine whether the space condition brings cancer causing on mammals, we propose the importance of the study about the effects of various environmental stresses on the gene expression of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Then we reviewed numerous findings about the induction of gene expression by environmental stresses. Many investigators have reported that three oncogenes of c-fos, c-jun and c-myc, so called "Early Response Genes", were induced at transcriptional level by a diverse set of stresses such as heat, UV and ionizing radiation, and that the accumulation of the product of a tumor-suppressor gene, p53 was induced at post-translational level by the same stresses.