Abstract
Amaç: COVID-19 ile ilgili karantina, çocukların güneş ışığına maruz kalma oranını azaltmıştır ve çocuklar 25-hidroksivitamin D [25(OH)D] eksikliğine karşı duyarlı hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, pandeminin ilk yılında ve pandemi öncesi 2 yıl süresince bakılmış 25(OH)D düzeylerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 2018 Ekim–2020 Mart tarihleri arasında eşdeğer sağlık kontrolü yaptıran çocuklar dahil edilmiştir ve D vitamini bakılma tarihine göre; 2018 Ekim -2019 Mart (Grup 1), 2019 Ekim ve 2020 Mart (Grup 2), 2020 Ekim ve 2021 Mart (Grup 3) olarak kategorize edilmiştir. Grup 1, 2 ve 3'te çocukların 25(OH)D düzeyleri ile D vitamini eksikliği oranlarını karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Çocukların pandemi süresince pandemi öncesi yıllara kıyasla ortalama 25(OH)D düzeylerinin COVID-19 sırasında daha düşük olduğunu bulunmuştur(p=0,039). Çalışmada, 0-1 yaş ve 4-7 yaş grubu çocuklarda 25(OH)D eksikliği oranın pandemi öncesi döneme kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür (p= 0.013, p=0.011). Sonuç: 4-7 yaş arası çocuklar arasında daha düşük 25(OH)D seviyeleri, karantina sırasında azalan güneşlenme süresi ile ilişkilidir. Ancak 25(OH)D eksikliğinin bebeklerde görülme oranlarının artması endişe vericidir.
Supporting Institution
Başkent Üniversitesi Tıp ve Sağlık Bilimleri Araştırması
Project Number
KA21/191
Thanks
Tüm hastalarıma ve kurumuma teşekkür ediyorum.
References
- World Health Organızatıon (2020). Who Announces Covıd-19 Outbreak A Pandemic. Retrieved it from https://www.who.int/europe/emergencies/ situations/covid-19.
- Saponaro, F., Saba, A., & Zucchi, R. (2020). An Update on Vitamin D Metabolism. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(18), 6573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186573
- Holick M. F. (2004). Vitamin D: important in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. The American Journal of clinical nutrition, 79(3), 362–371. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/79.3.362
- Munns, C. F., Shaw, N., Kiely, M., Specker, B. L., Thacher, T. D., Ozono, K., Michigami, T., Tiosano, D., Mughal, M. Z., Mäkitie, O., Ramos-Abad, L., Ward, L., DiMeglio, L. A., Atapattu, N., Cassinelli, H., Braegger, C., Pettifor, J. M., Seth, A., Idris, H. W., Bhatia, V., … Högler, W. (2016). Global Consensus Recommendations on Prevention and Management of Nutritional Rickets. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and Metabolism, 101(2), 394–415. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-2175
- Ye Wz, Reıs Af, Duboıs-Laforgue D, Bellanne-Chantelot C, Tımsıt J, Velho G (2001). Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated With Obesity İn Type 2 Diabetic Subjects With Early Age Of Onset. Eur J Endocrinol, 145: 181- 186.
- Saggese G, Vıerucci F, Boot Am, Czech-Kowalska J, Weber G, Camargo Ca, Mallet E, Fanos M, Shaw Jn, Holick Mf (2015). Vitamin D İn Childhood And Adolescence: An Expert Position Statement. Eur J Pediatr,174565-576.
- Lippi, G., Ferrari, A., & Targher, G. (2021). Is COVID-19 lockdown associated with vitamin D deficiency? European Journal of public health, 31(2), 278–279. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab004.
- Meoli, M., Muggli, F., Lava, S., Bianchetti, M. G., Agostoni, C., Kocher, C., Bührer, T. W., Ciliberti, L., Simonetti, G. D., & Milani, G. P. (2021). Vitamin D Status in Adolescents during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study. Nutrients, 13(5), 1467. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051467
- Yu L, Ke HJ, Che D, Luo SL, Guo Y, Wu JL. Effect of Pandemic-Related Confinement on Vitamin D Status Among Children Aged 0-6 Years in Guangzhou, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Health Policy. 2020 Nov 19;13:2669-2675. Doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S282495. PMID: 33239928; PMCID: PMC7682604.
- Rustecka A, Maret J, Drab A, Leszczyńska M, Tomaszewska A, Lipińska-Opałka A, Będzichowska A, Kalicki B, Kubiak JZ. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic during 2020–2021 on the Vitamin D Serum Levels in the Paediatric Population in Warsaw, Poland. Nutrients. 2021; 13(6):1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061990
- Wong RS, Tung KTS, So H-K, Wong WHS, Wong SY, Tsang HW, Tung JYL, Chua GT, Ho MHK, Wong ICK, Ip P. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Serum Vitamin D Level among Infants and Toddlers: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis and before-and-after Comparison. Nutrients. 2021; 13(4):1270. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041270.
- Yılmaz, K., & Şen, V. (2020). Is vitamin D deficiency a risk factor for COVID-19 in children? Pediatric pulmonology, 55(12), 3595–3601. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.25106
- Panfili, F.M., Roversi, M., D’Argenio, P. et al. Possible Role of Vitamin D in COVID-19 Infection in Pediatric Population. J Endocrinol Invest 44, 27–35 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01327-0
Abstract
Objective: COVID-19-related lockdown decreased the children's exposure to sunlight, and they were susceptible to 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency. The present study aimed to examine the 25(OH)D levels 2 years before and during the first year of the pandemic. Materials and Methods: This study included children who underwent health checks between the equivalent period during 2018 October–2020 March, and they were categorized according to the date vitamin D was checked; 2018 October -2019 March (Group 1), 2019 October and 2020 March (Group 2), 2020 October, and 2021 March (Group 3). We compared the children’s 25(OH)D levels and vitamin D deficiency rates between Groups 1, 2, and 3. Results: We found that the mean of the children's 25(OH)D levels was lower during COVID-19 than in the last two years before the pandemic (p=0.039). The present study showed that the rates of 25(OH)D deficiencies among ages 0-1, and 4-7 were higher during the pandemic than before (p= 0.013, p=0.011). Conclusion: Reduced sunbathing time during confinement is associated with lower 25(OH)D levels among children aged 4–7. Although increased rates of 25(OH)D deficiency in infants are worrying.
Project Number
KA21/191
References
- World Health Organızatıon (2020). Who Announces Covıd-19 Outbreak A Pandemic. Retrieved it from https://www.who.int/europe/emergencies/ situations/covid-19.
- Saponaro, F., Saba, A., & Zucchi, R. (2020). An Update on Vitamin D Metabolism. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(18), 6573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186573
- Holick M. F. (2004). Vitamin D: important in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. The American Journal of clinical nutrition, 79(3), 362–371. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/79.3.362
- Munns, C. F., Shaw, N., Kiely, M., Specker, B. L., Thacher, T. D., Ozono, K., Michigami, T., Tiosano, D., Mughal, M. Z., Mäkitie, O., Ramos-Abad, L., Ward, L., DiMeglio, L. A., Atapattu, N., Cassinelli, H., Braegger, C., Pettifor, J. M., Seth, A., Idris, H. W., Bhatia, V., … Högler, W. (2016). Global Consensus Recommendations on Prevention and Management of Nutritional Rickets. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and Metabolism, 101(2), 394–415. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-2175
- Ye Wz, Reıs Af, Duboıs-Laforgue D, Bellanne-Chantelot C, Tımsıt J, Velho G (2001). Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated With Obesity İn Type 2 Diabetic Subjects With Early Age Of Onset. Eur J Endocrinol, 145: 181- 186.
- Saggese G, Vıerucci F, Boot Am, Czech-Kowalska J, Weber G, Camargo Ca, Mallet E, Fanos M, Shaw Jn, Holick Mf (2015). Vitamin D İn Childhood And Adolescence: An Expert Position Statement. Eur J Pediatr,174565-576.
- Lippi, G., Ferrari, A., & Targher, G. (2021). Is COVID-19 lockdown associated with vitamin D deficiency? European Journal of public health, 31(2), 278–279. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab004.
- Meoli, M., Muggli, F., Lava, S., Bianchetti, M. G., Agostoni, C., Kocher, C., Bührer, T. W., Ciliberti, L., Simonetti, G. D., & Milani, G. P. (2021). Vitamin D Status in Adolescents during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study. Nutrients, 13(5), 1467. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051467
- Yu L, Ke HJ, Che D, Luo SL, Guo Y, Wu JL. Effect of Pandemic-Related Confinement on Vitamin D Status Among Children Aged 0-6 Years in Guangzhou, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Health Policy. 2020 Nov 19;13:2669-2675. Doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S282495. PMID: 33239928; PMCID: PMC7682604.
- Rustecka A, Maret J, Drab A, Leszczyńska M, Tomaszewska A, Lipińska-Opałka A, Będzichowska A, Kalicki B, Kubiak JZ. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic during 2020–2021 on the Vitamin D Serum Levels in the Paediatric Population in Warsaw, Poland. Nutrients. 2021; 13(6):1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061990
- Wong RS, Tung KTS, So H-K, Wong WHS, Wong SY, Tsang HW, Tung JYL, Chua GT, Ho MHK, Wong ICK, Ip P. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Serum Vitamin D Level among Infants and Toddlers: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis and before-and-after Comparison. Nutrients. 2021; 13(4):1270. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041270.
- Yılmaz, K., & Şen, V. (2020). Is vitamin D deficiency a risk factor for COVID-19 in children? Pediatric pulmonology, 55(12), 3595–3601. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.25106
- Panfili, F.M., Roversi, M., D’Argenio, P. et al. Possible Role of Vitamin D in COVID-19 Infection in Pediatric Population. J Endocrinol Invest 44, 27–35 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01327-0
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Sciences |
| Journal Section | Original Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | KA21/191 |
| Early Pub Date | August 29, 2023 |
| Publication Date | August 31, 2023 |
| Submission Date | November 30, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 33 Issue: 4 |
Journal of General Medicine is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).